Guides: calculations
All guides tagged with "calculations"
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Browse all 25 guides covering calculations topics:
Factory UPS Selection (Topology, kW/kVA & Runtime Checklist)
Pick factory UPS topology—standby vs online, size kW/kVA with PF, runtime and battery chemistry. Free checklist tied to CalcPanel UPS calculators.
Read Full ArticleUPS Runtime Formula: Calculate Backup Time
UPS runtime formula from load kW and battery Wh—plus load-% minutes table vs OEM calculators. Free examples; verify in the UPS runtime tool.
Read Full ArticleIndustrial HVAC Sizing Framework (Rule-of-Thumb vs Detailed Load)
Industrial HVAC sizing framework: when W/m² proxies fail, how to split sensible/latent loads, and when to escalate to detailed calculation. Free examples + calculator links.
Read Full ArticleHVAC Design for Factories (12k m² Zone Load Case)
HVAC design for factories: zone sensible/latent table, OA vs exhaust, DOAS split. Free 12k m² example—500 kW coincident vs 650 kW oversize case.
Read Full ArticleHow to Calculate Transformer Rating for Your Load
Size distribution transformers in kVA: gather loads, apply diversity and power factor, add margins, pick standard kVA—includes 3-phase formulas, a worked example, and links to deeper sizing guides.
Read Full ArticleTransformer Sizing (kVA Formula — Free Guide with Examples)
Transformer sizing: kVA = kW ÷ PF with free examples and standard size tables. Calculate margin, pick catalog kVA, and link to the sizing calculator.
Read Full ArticlekW to kVA Formula (PF Method) — Step-by-Step Examples
Master the kW to kVA formula with PF examples and common mistakes. Free step-by-step guide—then use the instant calculator for live sizing.
Read Full ArticleWhen to Use kVA Instead of kW
When to use kVA instead of kW for generators, UPS, and transformers. Free decision table with PF examples—convert in the kW to kVA calculator.
Read Full ArticleVoltage Drop Formula (3-Phase VD % with NEC 3% Rule)
Calculate 3-phase voltage drop % for feeders—NEC 3%/5% limits, 480 V worked example. Free formula plus cable size calculator link.
Read Full ArticleHow to Calculate UPS Battery Size
How to calculate UPS battery size (Ah) from kW and runtime—not a solar battery bank tool. Free formula, derating, and links to the UPS battery calculator.
Read Full ArticleHVAC Load vs Capacity (Tons & BTU/h Explained)
HVAC load vs capacity explained: when tons/BTU/h miss the mark. Free examples—screen with the HVAC size calculator.
Read Full ArticleIndustrial Energy Cost Formula (kWh × $/kWh Examples)
Industrial energy cost = kW × hours × $/kWh. Free formulas and machine-line examples—pair with the energy estimator calculator.
Read Full Article3 Phase Power & Current Formula (√3·V·I·PF) + Examples
3 phase power & current formulas: P=√3·V·I·PF and I=kVA·1000/(√3·V). Free 480V examples—verify with the 3-phase calculator.
Read Full ArticleEnergy Efficiency Optimization for Industrial Facilities
Energy efficiency optimization for industrial facilities: measurement, ECM tactics, and ROI examples. Free strategies with formula links.
Read Full ArticleIndustrial HVAC Capacity Formula (Plant Cooling & Heating)
Industrial HVAC capacity formulas for plant cooling and heating loads. Free step-by-step examples—verify with the HVAC capacity calculator.
Read Full ArticleHVAC Capacity Calculation Examples (Tons & BTU/h)
HVAC capacity calculation examples for offices and plants—not full Manual J software. Free worked tons/BTU/h steps; use the HVAC size calculator next.
Read Full ArticlekW vs kVA Difference (Formula & When to Use Each)
kW vs kVA difference: real vs apparent power and PF formula (kW = kVA × PF). Free examples for generators & transformers—convert numbers in the kW to kVA calculator.
Read Full ArticleUPS Runtime Mistakes (Why VA≠Minutes) + Fixes
UPS runtime calculation mistakes: VA≠minutes, wrong PF, ignoring battery age. Free fixes—verify minutes in the UPS runtime calculator.
Read Full ArticleFactory Load for Plants (Diversity & Equipment Sizing)
Factory load for industrial plants: diversity, demand, and safety margin in practice. Free manufacturing examples—use the factory load calculator next.
Read Full ArticlePLC Error Code Examples (Diagnosis Walkthroughs)
PLC error code examples with step-by-step diagnosis—not a raw code list. Free walkthroughs; look up codes in the PLC error code list tool.
Read Full ArticleUPS Sizing for Factories (kVA & N+1)
UPS sizing for factories: critical kW → kVA, motor-start allowance, and N+1 worksheet. Free industrial examples—not a battery Ah-only guide.
Read Full ArticleUPS Sizing (Free Guide — kW/kVA, Runtime, Battery & Redundancy)
UPS sizing: match kW/kVA to load, runtime, and battery needs with free factory examples. Step-by-step guide plus UPS load, capacity, and battery calculators.
Read Full ArticleUPS Ride-Through / Bridge Time (Backup Minutes)
UPS ride-through and bridge time for electrical backup: minutes to cover ATS and generator start. Free formula & examples—verify with runtime and battery calculators.
Read Full ArticleUPS Battery Aging: Why Runtime Minutes Drop Over Time
UPS battery aging cuts backup minutes before alarms fire. See impedance trends, EOL Ah margin, and worked examples—free formula with runtime calculator checks.
Read Full ArticleUPS Battery Temperature Derating (Heat, Cold & Altitude)
UPS battery temperature derating: how heat, cold, and altitude cut Ah and minutes. Free planning table with examples for VRLA strings and runtime checks.
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