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All Updated Guides

UPS Battery Maintenance Schedule & Replacement Checklist

Build a practical UPS battery maintenance schedule: inspect, trend, decide whether to replace, and verify runtime after a battery change.

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Transformer Derating Formula (kVA ÷ k_site — 127 kVA Example)

Transformer derating formula: minimum nameplate kVA = required kVA ÷ verified site factor. Includes a conditional 127 kVA example and OEM limits.

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Solar Transformer Capacity Check (750 kVA Example)

Check solar transformer capacity: max(PV, load, reverse)×margin with harmonics—750 kVA example. Free guide + sizing calculator.

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Transformer K-Factor: K-13 and K-20 Sizing Example

Transformer K-factor rates harmonic current for non-linear loads. Size K-13 or K-20 on fundamental kVA: 200 kW at 0.95 PF is about 300 kVA K-13.

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Transformer Tap Changer Faults (OLTC & OCTC)

Identify and prevent common transformer tap changer faults. Free OLTC/OCTC symptoms, causes, and maintenance checklist for 3-phase units.

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3-Phase Transformer Sizing — Base kVA from Load or Line Quantities

Free 3-phase transformer sizing: find base kVA from diversified kW and PF, or from measured line voltage and current (400 V and 480 V examples). Then verify in the transformer sizing calculator.

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Voltage Regulation Formula (%VR = (Vnl−Vfl)/Vfl×100)

Voltage regulation formula: %VR = (Vnl − Vfl) ÷ Vfl × 100%. Free 480 V transformer example—then size kVA or check taps.

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OLTC vs OCTC: Difference & 13.8 kV Cost

OLTC vs OCTC difference: outage rules and 13.8 kV cost example. Free decision table—when on-load tap changers pay off; full forms link to the tap changer guide.

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Transformer Loss & Efficiency Formula (η)

Free transformer loss formulas: core vs copper loss, efficiency η = Pout/(Pout+losses). Worked 98.7% example—then size kVA in the transformer sizing calculator.

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3-Phase Unbalanced Load Formula (% + Causes & Fixes)

Unbalanced load in 3-phase systems: % formula, causes, and correction steps. Free worked example—verify currents with the 3-phase power calculator.

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